Preheat. Preheat the oven to 350°F and grease a 9x13 baking dish.
Mix. In a large bowl, combine the spaghetti, eggs, ricotta or cottage cheese, Italian seasoning, red pepper flakes if using, bell pepper if using, and Parmesan cheese. Mix well until fully combined and no egg streaks remain.
Assemble. Transfer the mixture to the prepared baking dish and spread evenly. Cover with foil.
Bake. Bake for 30 minutes. Remove the foil, sprinkle the cheddar cheese evenly over the top, and return to the oven for 10 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and bubbly.
Rest. Let rest for 5 minutes before serving.
Notes
From Scratch Option. Use 1 pound cooked spaghetti mixed with pasta sauce and 1 pound cooked ground beef or sausage in place of leftovers.
Food Safety. Bake until the internal temperature reaches 165°F.
Storage. Refrigerate leftovers for up to 4 days or freeze for up to 4 months. Thaw overnight in the refrigerator before reheating.
Reheating. Microwave individual portions for 1 to 2 minutes or bake at 350°F for 15 to 20 minutes for larger portions.
Make Ahead. Assemble up to 24 hours in advance and refrigerate. Let sit at room temperature for about 1 hour before baking, especially if using a glass dish.